No, if you delete your entire store, including database, it will delete all your data.
But you can make a backup of your database, then delete your entire store and then, import your database backup in the new installation.
But I don't understand why you want to delete your entire store whereas you only have to retrieve the files you have deleted ? Just find a backup of those files if you can and replace them on your server. If you don't have any backup, delete your entire store will not help you.